Glossary

Application

The combination of Application Identity, Data Contract, and Application State that together represent a Dash Platform Application

Application State

The collection of documents created by users during their use of an application

Block

One or more transactions prefaced by a block header and protected by proof of work. Blocks are the data stored on the core blockchain

Block Reward

The amount that miners may claim as a reward for creating a block. Equal to the sum of the block subsidy (newly available duffs) plus the transactions fees paid by transactions included in the block

Classical Transactions

Standard Dash transactions moving Dash on the core blockchain ledger

Coinbase Transaction

The first transaction in a block. Always created by a miner, it includes a single coinbase.

Core Chain

Layer 1 blockchain used for payments, governance, and providing the foundation for tier 2 masternode infrastructure (LLMQs, DML, PoSe, etc.)

Credits

Means of paying fees on the layer 2 platform

DAPI

Dash's decentralized API for interacting with the core blockchain (layer 1) and the platform (layer 2)

DAPI Client

An HTTP Client that connects to DAPI to enable users to read and write data to the Dash platform

DashPay

Dash Platform based wallet supporting payments via usernames

Dash Core

Layer 1 core blockchain reference client

Data Contract

The database schema a developer submits in order to start using Dash Platform as a back end for their application

Dash Platform Application

A client application that leverages Dash Platform services

Dash Platform Naming Service (DPNS)

A service used to register names on the Dash Platform. Can be extended to work in a DNS-like mode. Implemented as an application on top of the platform that leverages platform capabilities

Dash Platform Protocol (DPP)

Describes data structures and validation rules for the data structures used by the platform (e.g. Data Contract, Document, and State Transition). Data structures are defined using JSON-Schema based format

Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)

An organization where decision making is governed according to a set of rules that is transparent, controlled by organization members, and lacking any central authority. Financial records are tracked using a blockchain, which provides the transparency and trust required by organization members.

Distributed Key Generation (DKG)

Distributed key generation (DKG) is a cryptographic process in which multiple parties contribute to the calculation of a shared public and private key set. In Dash, DKG is used to generate a BLS key pair for use in a long-living masternode quorum (LLMQ) to perform threshold signing on network messages. Further detail can be found in DIP-6 Long-Living Masternode Quorums.

Document

A data entry, similar to a document in a document-oriented database. Represented as a JSON. An atomic entity used by the platform to store the user-submitted data

Drive

Layer 2 platform storage

Invitation Lock Transaction

A special transaction with outputs for funding creation of new Dash platform identities. It contains one or more outputs which can be spent to fund identity registrations

Layer (1, 2, 3)

• Layer 1: Core blockchain and Dash Core
• Layer2: Drive and DAPI
• Layer 3: DAPI clients

Long Living Masternode Quorum (LLMQ)

Deterministic subset of the global deterministic masternode list used to perform threshold signing of consensus-related messages

Masternode

2nd-tier collateralized Node in the Dash P2P network, performing additional functions and forming a provision layer

Platform Chain

Layer 2 blockchain that propagates platform data among masternodes, propagates platform blocks among masternodes, applies Layer 2 consensus, authoritatively orders state transitions, and controls platform state consistency

Platform State

All layer 2 data including contracts, documents (user data), credit balance, identity (username)

practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (pBFT)

A consensus algorithm designed to work efficiently in asynchronous environments while assuming the presence of adversarial actors. Advantages of pBFT include energy efficiency, transaction finality, and low reward variance.

Proof of Service (PoSe)

Ability to trustlessly prove that a masternode provided the required service to the network in order to earn a reward

Proof of Work (PoW)

Ability to trustlessly prove that a node completed a certain amount of work during the process of confirming a new block to the blockchain.

Quorum

Group of masternodes signing some action, formation of the group determined by via some determination algorithm

Quorum Signature

BLS signature resulting from some agreement within a masternode quorum

Simple Payment Verification

A method for verifying if transactions are part of a block without downloading the whole block. This is useful for lightweight clients which don't run continuously and which don't have the storage space or bandwidth for a full copy of the blockchain.

Special Transactions

Transactions containing an extra payload using the format defined by DIP-2

State Machine

The application that validates state transitions and updates state in Drive

State Transition

The change a user does to the application and platforms states. Consists of an array of documents or one data contract, the id of the application to which the change is made, and a user signature

Validator Set

The group of masternodes responsible for the layer 2 blockchain (platform chain) consensus at a given time. They vote on the content of each platform chain block and are analogous to miners on the layer 1's core blockchain